However, despite the promising nature of imagined contact, it has not yet. An intergroup perspective on the contact hypothesis. Imagined intergroup contact promotes cooperation through outgroup trust. Imagined intergroup physical contact improves attitudes. Does imagining intergroup contact change attitudes about. Researchers have examined various elements and conditions of the communication that may be related to the impact of intergroup contact. Varied research supports the hypothesis, but four problems remain. A growing body of evidence demonstrates that imagined contact can reduce prejudice in a variety of ways, against numerous groups, and in varied social contexts. Pdf in this article, we outline a new implementation of intergroup contact theory. As such, we frame our description and discussion of imagined contact effects within this basic idea. Crisp and rhiannon turner 2009 and proposes that simply imagining a positive encounter with a member or members of an outgroup category can promote more positive intergroup attitudes. However, no research to date has tested imagined contact in highprejudice contexts where. The intergroup contact hypothesis was first proposed by allport 1954, who.
Imagined contact with atypical outgroup members that are anti. In three studies we established further benefits of this intervention, specified the conditions under which it will be maximally beneficial, and reported new and extended mediational pathways. Brief report secondary transfer effects from imagined contact. That imagination is a first step, a way of promoting a positive contact mindset, and a way of preparing people to engage positively in future intergroup contact. Imagining intergroup contact can combat mental health stigma by reducing anxiety, avoidance and negative stereotyping. Intergroup contact theory has suggested that interpersonal, and even imagined, communication between members of different social groups is one of the most effective ways to promote positive intergroup attitudes. As such, the relationship between ethnic shares and national language use at home is nonlinear and ambiguous. A and the jim crow laws, gordon allport 1954 proposed one of the most important social psychological events of the 20th century, suggesting that contact between members of different groups under certain conditions can work to reduce prejudice and intergroup conflict. Elaboration enhances the imagined contact effect sciencedirect. Pdf imagining intergroup contact can improve intergroup attitudes.
Imagined intergroup contact and common ingroup identity core. The most evident case is in segregated contexts, where the outgroup is physically missing from the immediate context. There is substantial evidence showing that imagined contact, especially when. Despite the strong potential of interventions based on direct intergroup contact, direct contact interventions may be difficult to implement in educational settings. This volume highlights, via a critical lens, the most notable recent developments in the field, demonstrating its vitality and its capacity for reinvention and integration with a variety of.
The imagined contact hypothesis was put forward by richard j. With 7 independent samples from 515 studies, the metaanalysis finds that intergroup contact typically reduces intergroup. Notably, there is little reference to the use of imagery in the book, and certainly not in the chapters most commonly cited in relation to intergroup contact. Research examining this idea from a communication perspective is described and integrated with the large socialpsychological body of work. This chapter examines the literature on intergroup contact from a communication perspective.
Imagined contact as a prejudicereduction intervention in. We have defined imagined intergroup contact as the mental simulation of a social. The ability of music to facilitate social bonding during. As such, recent work on the role of intergroup contact in reducing prejudice has moved away from the idea that contact must necessarily include direct facetoface contact between group members and instead includes the notion that indirect contact e. Imagining intergroup contact enables membertogroup. The past, present and future of research on the contact hypothesis. Spontaneous imagined intergroup contact and intergroup. Turner, crisp, and lambert 2007 suggested imagined intergroup contact as a means of reducing intergroup bias that is easier and more practical than actual contact. Enhancing imagined contact to reduce prejudice against. Tajfel, 1978, this perspective brings into focus a consistent problem for the intergroup contact hypothesis and raises a potential problem for a theory of contact based on friendship. Imagined intergroup contact the minds tremendous capacity for imagination has captivated psychologists since the earliest enquiries galton, 1883. The basic idea of intergroup contact theorythat contact between groups reduces prejudiceis presented. Gordon allports contact hypothesis facing history and. Oct 17, 2014 a growing body of evidence demonstrates that imagined contact can reduce prejudice in a variety of ways, against numerous groups, and in varied social contexts.
Theory, paradigm, and practice imagined intergroup contact. Following this imagined interaction, participants reported their affective feelings toward political outgroup members. Advances in experimental social psychology, 37, 255343. Imagined contact has thus been suggested as an option for prejudice reduction where direct contact strategies may not be easy or practical.
Elaborated imagined contact allows participants to imagine a more vivid, contextually situated intergroup contact scenario, contributing to the creation of a more detailed behavioral script which has shown to enhance the positive effects of imagined contact on intergroup attitudes crisp et al. The approach combines 50 years of research into the effects of contact with recent. How do the positive effects of contact with an indi. Consistent with the contact hypothesis and from mutzs 2006 research, imagined intergroup contact reduced reports of negative affect. These findings point to the importance of combining the common ingroup identity model and the imagined contact theory in order to increase the potentiality of prejudice reduction. Despite its relatively recent inception, there have now been over 70 studies showing that imagining a positive interaction with an outgroup member can reduce prejudice and encourage positive. Reformulating imagined intergroup contact theory by adding friendship potential s. In this set of research, we investigated the effects of intergroup physical contact on intergroup attitudes by relying on indirect contact strategies, namely the imagined contact paradigm. A and the jim crow laws, gordon allport 1954 proposed one of the most important social psychological events of the 20th century, suggesting that contact between members of different groups under certain conditions can work to reduce.
The chapter addresses critical issues for the theorys development and outlines a longitudinal intergroup contact theory. Annals of the international communication association. Imagined intergroup contact and common ingroup identity. A metaanalytic test of the imagined contact hypothesis. Recent work therefore suggested that even indirect forms of intergroup contact e. Imagining intergroup contact can improve intergroup attitudes. In this article, we outline a new implementation of intergroup contact theory. The effect of imagined contact on outgroup evaluations was mediated by reduced intergroup anxiety. Turner, 2009 is a new indirect contact strategy for promoting tolerance and more positive intergroup relations. Necessary and sufficient conditions for positive intergroup. A selection bias limits crosssectional studies, since prejudiced people avoid intergroup contact. Pdf we investigated whether simply imagining contact with outgroup members can improve intergroup attitudes. The chapter addresses critical issues for the theory s development and outlines a longitudinal intergroup contact theory.
A metaanalytic test of intergroup contact theory thomas f. We implemented the imagined contact paradigm by leading participants to shape the mental imagery upon pictorial information. The current work builds on these findings to examine whether. Finally, we discuss the broader outlook for contact theory, how imagined contact research illustrates a resurgent interest in cognitive approaches and how, in so doing, illustrates the power, potential and promise such.
This is a pdf file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for. It represents both a versatile experimental paradigm for investigating the extended and indirect impacts of social contact, as well as a flexible and effective tool for. In theory, individual incentives to develop intergroup relationships can vary with relative group sizes. Allport is often credited with the development of the contact hypothesis, also known as intergroup contact theory. Imagined intergroup contact is a new, effective tool for improving intergroup attitudes and promoting more positive intergroup relations. These subtitles contain proposals and related findings in social contact hypothesis of allport 1954 and in intergroup contact theory of pettigrew 1998. The approach combines 50 years of research into the effects of contact with recent advances in. Does having a political discussion help or hurt intergroup. Sep 18, 2018 in this set of research, we investigated the effects of intergroup physical contact on intergroup attitudes by relying on indirect contact strategies, namely the imagined contact paradigm. Collectively, our research has focused on refining and evaluating imagined contact as an effective tool for the enhancement of intergroup relations. The imagined contact hypothesis queens university belfast. Tropp boston college the present article presents a metaanalytic test of intergroup contact theory. The imagined contact hypothesis is an extension of the contact hypothesis, a theoretical proposition centred on the psychology of prejudice and prejudice reduction.
The current paper examines whether such effects can result in secondary transfer to other groups pettigrew, 2009. Music and imagined contact 7 intergroup bias intergroup bias refers to the tendency to favor ones own social group the ingroup over a social group with which one does not identify the outgroup. Specifically, in study 1 participants saw a picture of a white hand touching a. Jul 03, 2015 in conclusion, results from both studies demonstrate that imagining an intergroup interaction as members of the same group strengthens the effects of imagined contact. The approach combines 50 years of research into the effects of contact with recent advances in social cognition. Yet research finds that the positive effects of crossgroup. Enhancing imagined contact to reduce prejudice against people. Elaborated imagined contact allows participants to imagine a more vivid, contextually situated intergroup contact scenario, contributing to the creation of a more detailed behavioral script which has shown to enhance the positive effects of imagined contact on intergroup. Brief report secondary transfer effects from imagined. Allport 1954 hypothesized that contact between members of opposing groups, under the right conditions, would lessen intergroup hostility and lead to more positive intergroup attitudes. Indeed, the idea that contact between members of different groups can. Although the past two decades have seen concrete attempts to reduce ethnic and racial prejudice, relatively little has been done to diminish age related prejudice. Intergroup contact theory has been one of the most influential theories in social psychology since it was first formulated by gordon allport in 1954. Imagined intergroup contact promotes cooperation through.
Imagining intergroup contact promotes projection to. Jan 01, 2009 in this article, we outline a new implementation of intergroup contact theory. In criminology, psychology, and sociology, the contact hypothesis has been described as one of the best ways to improve relations among groups that are experiencing conflict. Over the past 50 years, research involving either actual contact or retrospective reports of past actual contact has widely supported this premise, and contact is now one of the. Extant theories predict greatest prejudice reduction following contact with typical. Crisp and rhiannon turner 2009 and proposes that simply imagining a positive encounter with a member or members of an outgroup category can promote more positive intergroup attitudes electronic or econtact. In conclusion, results from both studies demonstrate that imagining an intergroup interaction as members of the same group strengthens the effects of imagined contact. Turner and proposes that the mental simulation, or imagining, of a positive social interaction with an outgroup member can lead to increased positive attitudes. To illustrate, consider a native outer islander in a village with an exogenously. In the second and third parts, findings and hypotheses in extended contact theory and imagined contact theories were demonstrated respectively. May 01, 2011 recent research has demonstrated that actual contact may not be necessary to reduce intergroup prejudice.
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